MKS Publication

Chapter 2

Biological Implications of Certain Transition Metal Micronutrients

Abstract/Preface

The aim of this study is to examine the biomedical implications of a range of metals, including zinc phosphide, period 5 metals (niobium, molybdenum, silver, and cadmium), and period 6 metals (osmium, platinum, and mercury), and to analyze their adverse effects on human health. This work is a comprehensive review of the scientific literature on the toxicity of these metals was conducted using databases such as PubMed, Elsevier, and Wiley, as well as journals specializing in toxicology and environmental health. Study selection was based on the PRISMA 2020 statement and included articles published within the last 15–20 years. A considerable number of these metals are toxic to humans through various routes of exposure, including oral, inhalation, and injection. The specific effects identified were kidney and lung damage (associated with niobium), liver dysfunction and gout (linked to molybdenum), argyria (a condition caused by silver), and kidney and bone damage (resulting from cadmium exposure). In addition, the toxic effects of osmium, platinum, and mercury on the nervous and cardiovascular systems were highlighted. The exposure to transition metals and other heavy metals can cause a range of adverse effects on human health, from deficiencies to acute or chronic poisoning. Therefore, it is crucial to manage these metals with caution and establish control measures to protect public health. To mitigate the risks associated with these metals, stricter regulations and further research into their biological mechanisms and detection methods are required.